Considerable improvements have been made to industrial lighting technologies in recent years with, for example, the development of Light Emitting Diodes (LED). Lighting has a considerable impact on safety, efficiency, the environment, and operating costs. Ports that have introduced newer lighting technologies often report other operational benefits. Many handling equipment operators prefer newer lighting sources as such technologies tend to offer improved perception of surrounding areas, and reduced glare irritation in low light conditions. Furthermore, improved lighting tends to improve safety and result in reduced operator fatigue. Areas that surround terminals also benefit from more modern light sources. Wildlife disturbed by light pollution has become an issue for many port cities. The directionality of newer lighting sources minimises nuisance levels of light.